| 翻訳と辞書 |
| neuroscience and intelligence ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
neuroscience and intelligence
Neuroscience and intelligence refers to the various neurological factors that are partly responsible for the variation of intelligence within a species or between different species. A large amount of research in this area has been focused on the neural basis of human intelligence. Historic approaches to study the neuroscience of intelligence consisted of correlating external head parameters, for example head circumference, to intelligence.〔Luders, E., Narr, K. L., Thompson, P. M., & Toga, A. W. (2009). Neuroanatomical correlates of intelligence. Intelligence, 37(2), 156-163.〕 Post-mortem measures of brain weight and brain volume have also been used.〔 More recent methodologies focus on examining correlates of intelligence within the living brain using techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Positron emission tomography and other non-invasive measures of brain structure and activity.〔
Researchers have been able to identify correlates of intelligence within the Brain and its functioning. These include overall brain volume, grey matter volume,〔Narr, K. L., Woods, R. P., Thompson, P. M., Szeszko, P., Robinson, D., Dimtcheva, T., ... & Bilder, R. M. (2007). Relationships between IQ and regional cortical gray matter thickness in healthy adults. Cerebral Cortex, 17(9), 2163-2171.〕 white matter volume,〔Gur, R. C., Turetsky, B. I., Matsui, M., Yan, M., Bilker, W., Hughett, P., & Gur, R. E. (1999). Sex differences in brain gray and white matter in healthy young adults: correlations with cognitive performance. The Journal of neuroscience, 19(10), 4065-4072.〕 white matter integrity,〔Penke, L., Maniega, S. M., Bastin, M. E., Hernandez, M. V., Murray, C., Royle, N. A., ... & Deary, I. J. (2012). Brain white matter tract integrity as a neural foundation for general intelligence. Molecular psychiatry, 17(10), 1026-1030.〕 cortical thickness〔 and Neural Efficiency.〔Haier, R. J., Siegel, B. V., Nuechterlein, K. H., Hazlett, E., Wu, J. C., Paek, J., ... & Buchsbaum, M. S. (1988). Cortical glucose metabolic rate correlates of abstract reasoning and attention studied with positron emission tomography. Intelligence, 12(2), 199-217.〕 Although the evidence base for our understanding of the neural basis of human intelligence has increased greatly over the past 30 years, even more research is needed to fully understand it.〔
The neural basis of intelligence has also been examined in animals such as primates, cetaceans and rodents.〔Dunbar, R. I., & Shultz, S. (2007). Evolution in the social brain. science, 317(5843), 1344-1347.〕
==Humans==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「neuroscience and intelligence」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|